{
  "g": "h,empire,asia",
  "ns": "empires",
  "name": "Aq Qoyunlu",
  "now": "iran",
  "years": "1378–1503",
  "id": "aq-qoyunlu",
  "index": "c/iran:1378",
  "title": "Banner of Uzun Hasan (Aq Qoyunlu)",
  "ratio": "1:2",
  "colors": [
    {
      "color": "cream",
      "hex": "#f2ead1",
      "note": "Silk field."
    },
    {
      "color": "brown",
      "hex": "#5a2f0c",
      "note": "Ink of the Qur'anic inscription."
    }
  ],
  "desc": "- The Aq Qoyunlu (\"White Sheep\") Turkomans (1378–1503) were a tribal confederation that built an empire spanning eastern Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Iraq, and western Iran\n - **Construction:** a triangular cream silk banner inscribed with dense Qur'anic calligraphy — attributed to **Uzun Hasan** (r. 1453–1478), whose conquests climaxed with defeat of the rival Qara Qoyunlu at Otluk Beli in 1467\n - Overthrown by their Safavid successors under Shah Ismail I in 1503",
  "flag": "empires/aq-qoyunlu.svg",
  "countryData": {
    "name": "Aq Qoyunlu",
    "officialName": "Aq Qoyunlu Confederation",
    "un": "none"
  },
  "trivia": "- Uzun Hasan's wife Despina Khatun was a Trapezuntine Greek princess, giving the confederation diplomatic ties to Venice and the last Byzantine successor state\n - Venice sent emissaries seeking an Aq Qoyunlu alliance against Mehmed II, but the campaign collapsed at Otluk Beli (1473)\n - The Safavids were the Aq Qoyunlu's Sufi-order tributaries before eclipsing them",
  "_name": "Aq Qoyunlu",
  "_namespace": "empires",
  "_namePart": "aq-qoyunlu"
}