{
  "g": "h,empire,europe",
  "ns": "empires",
  "name": "Duchy of Parma",
  "now": "italy",
  "years": "1545–1859",
  "id": "parma",
  "index": "c/italy:1545",
  "title": "Flag of the Duchy of Parma",
  "ratio": "2:3",
  "colors": [
    {
      "color": "yellow",
      "hex": "#ffcc00",
      "note": "Or field of the Farnese."
    },
    {
      "color": "blue",
      "hex": "#21428f",
      "note": "Azure fleurs-de-lis."
    }
  ],
  "desc": "- The Duchy of Parma (1545–1859) was a small but important Italian state in the Po Valley, ruled successively by the Farnese, Bourbon-Parma, and Bonaparte-Parma (Marie Louise) dynasties\n - **Construction:** a gold field sown with six azure **fleurs-de-lis**, arranged 3-2-1 — the arms of the Farnese dynasty, continued by the Bourbon-Parma as a cadet branch\n - Merged into the United Provinces of Central Italy (1859) and then the Kingdom of Italy (1860)",
  "flag": "empires/parma.svg",
  "countryData": {
    "name": "Duchy of Parma",
    "officialName": "Ducato di Parma e Piacenza",
    "un": "none"
  },
  "trivia": "- Established by Pope Paul III for his son Pier Luigi Farnese in 1545, creating a Papal fief that outlasted the Papal States themselves\n - Bourbon-Parma ruled until 1859; the modern deposed pretender head of house remains titular Duke\n - Napoleon's second wife Marie Louise was made Duchess of Parma by the Congress of Vienna (1815–1847)",
  "_name": "Duchy of Parma",
  "_namespace": "empires",
  "_namePart": "parma"
}